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Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, main railway station in Mumbai, India, and the headquarters of the city’s Central Railway System. It was built between 1878 and 1887. The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus presents many visitors with their first impression of the huge metropolis, yet it is by no means...
Black Consciousness Movement Black Consciousness Movement (BCM), South African anti-apartheid movement that began in the late 1960s. Originating on university campuses, it espoused Black cultural pride and political solidarity while firmly denouncing white liberal inactivity. Though the movement began to decline after the...
Hellenic Parliament Building Hellenic Parliament Building, ochre-coloured Neoclassical building on the east side of Síntagma Square in Athens, Greece, that houses Greece’s legislative body. The building was designed in 1836 by the German architect Friedrich von Gärtner and was built (1836–43) originally as a palace for the...
risperidone Risperidone, antipsychotic drug used primarily in the treatment of schizophrenia but also in managing manic or mixed episodes in persons with bipolar disorder and symptoms of anger, frustration, or distress in persons with autistic disorders. The drug is sold under various brand names, including...
Naomi Shihab Nye Naomi Shihab Nye, Palestinian American poet, children’s author, essayist, and educator whose work often revolves around her upbringing and experiences as an Arab American. Naomi Shihab was born to a Palestinian father and an American mother in St. Louis, Missouri. She and her family moved to...
major figures in Greek mythology Major figures in Greek mythology, the significant characters, including gods, goddesses, heroes, and other legendary figures, of Greek mythology. The personalities are known primarily from ancient Greek literature, including such classic works as Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, Hesiod’s Works and Days...
Neal Shusterman Neal Shusterman, American author best known for writing fantasy and dystopian novels for young adults. Shusterman has also written short stories, essays, poetry, and television scripts. Shusterman won the National Book Award for Young People’s Literature for the novel Challenger Deep (2015), and...
Grammy Award for album of the year Grammy Award for album of the year, award presented annually in the United States by the National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences (commonly called the Recording Academy) to honour the year’s most outstanding album. It was presented at the first Grammy Awards ceremony in 1959, and the award...
Palace of Holyroodhouse Palace of Holyroodhouse, the official residence of the British monarch in Scotland, located at the eastern end of Edinburgh’s Royal Mile, which leads from Edinburgh Castle, and dating largely from the 16th century. It is used more for official receptions and ceremonies than as a royal home. The...
Nelson’s Column Nelson’s Column, monument in Trafalgar Square in London. It honours Horatio Nelson, the greatest of English naval heroes, and commemorates Britain’s triumph over France. Lord Nelson was killed at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, in which the Royal Navy defeated a combined force of 33 French and...
competitive inhibition Competitive inhibition, in biochemistry, phenomenon in which a substrate molecule is prevented from binding to the active site of an enzyme by a molecule that is very similar in structure to the substrate. Thus, the inhibitor molecule and the substrate that the enzyme acts on “compete” for the same...
Abuʾl-Barakat al-Baghdadi Abuʾl-Barakat al-Baghdadi, Arab physician, scientist, and philosopher who critically examined the accepted scientific and philosophical ideas of his day and developed intriguing and provocative alternatives. His work in physics is especially notable. He also made important contributions to the...
Cyd Charisse Cyd Charisse, American dancer and actress known for her glamorous looks and sensual technically flawless dancing in 1950s movie musicals. Most notable were her appearances with actor Gene Kelly in the highly acclaimed musical film Singin’ in the Rain (1952) and with actor Fred Astaire in the...
windbreak Windbreak, trees or shrubs planted in a row to slow and redirect the wind. Windbreaks may also include fences, earth berms, walls, and perennial or annual crops and grasses. Such shelters serve primarily to protect soils, crops, livestock, wildlife, people, and structures from wind stress and wind...
Naomi Campbell Naomi Campbell, British fashion model and actress best known as one of the elite “supermodels” who dominated the fashion industry in the 1980s and ’90s. She was the first Black model to appear on the cover of many luxury fashion magazines. She is also known for her high-profile legal entanglements...
Civil Works Administration Civil Works Administration (CWA), U.S. federal government program instituted during the Great Depression to employ as many needy Americans as possible for the winter of 1933–34. Although it lasted only about five months, the Civil Works Administration (CWA) provided jobs for more than four million...
Nikola Jokić Nikola Jokić, Serbian professional basketball player who is one of the most versatile talents of his generation. Widely considered the best-passing centre in the sport’s history, Jokić won two National Basketball Association (NBA) Most Valuable Player (MVP) awards (2021–22) and led the Denver...
Kajol Kajol, Bollywood actress known for her versatility and expressive acting style. Kajol is one of the most successful actresses in the industry, having won six Filmfare Awards, given for excellence in Indian cinema. She comes from a long line of actors. Her mother, Tanuja; aunt, Nutan; and cousins...
Caterina Sforza Caterina Sforza, Italian noblewoman who ruled the cities of Forlì and Imola (now in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy) during the late 15th century. During her lifetime she became famous for her cunning, audacity, and extreme brutality as a warrior and a ruler. Her actions dramatically...
Eurovision Song Contest winner Eurovision Song Contest winner, winner of the annual Eurovision Song Contest organized by the European Broadcasting Union. A glass trophy in the shape of a microphone is awarded to the winning performer, and smaller trophies are given to the winning songwriters. The country represented by the...
Chance the Rapper Chance the Rapper, American rap and hip-hop singer and songwriter who burst on the music scene in the early 2010s and is especially known for his poetic lyrics. Although he has refused to sign with a major record label, his music has reached a mainstream audience through digital downloads and...
pre-Socratic philosophy Pre-Socratic philosophy, in the history of Western philosophy, the cosmological and naturalistic speculations of ancient Greek philosophers who were predecessors or contemporaries of Socrates (c. 470–399 bce). Among the most significant pre-Socratic philosophers are the Milesians Thales (c....
National Basketball Association (NBA) champions National Basketball Association (NBA) champions, winners of the annual playoff basketball tournament that takes place after every National Basketball Association (NBA) season. The NBA playoffs consist of a 16-team bracket wherein the teams play consecutive best-of-seven-games series in each round....
Charley Parkhurst Charley Parkhurst, American stagecoach driver who became famous as an expert horse handler in California during and after the state’s Gold Rush. Parkhurst was known among friends as a tough character who indulged in whiskey drinking, tobacco chewing, gambling, and cursing. Upon Parkhurst’s death,...
tangent Tangent, one of the six trigonometric functions, which, in a right triangle ABC, for an angle A, istan A = length of side opposite angle A length of side adjacent to angle A .The other five trigonometric functions are sine (sin), cosine (cos), secant (sec), cosecant (csc), and cotangent (cot). From...
Renaissance philosophy Renaissance philosophy, in the history of Western philosophy, the broadly philosophical speculation and classical scholarship that was pursued in western Europe from approximately the mid-15th century to the early 17th century. Among the most significant philosophers of the European Renaissance are...
cantilever bridge Cantilever bridge, bridge that uses projecting beams (called cantilevers)—each of which is supported only at one end—to form or underpin the main span. A cantilever bridge is generally made with three spans, of which the outer spans are cantilevered—anchored at opposite ends to the opposite banks...
Grammy Award for song of the year Grammy Award for song of the year, award presented annually in the United States by the National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences (commonly called the Recording Academy) to recognize the year’s most outstanding song. It was presented at the first Grammy Awards ceremony in 1959 and is considered...
cotangent Cotangent, one of the six trigonometric functions, which, in a right triangle ABC, for an angle A, iscot A = length of side adjacent to angle A length of side opposite angle A .The other five trigonometric functions are sine (sin), cosine (cos), secant (sec), cosecant (csc), and tangent (tan). From...
Lift Every Voice and Sing Lift Every Voice and Sing, hymn composed by the American writer and activist James Weldon Johnson and his younger brother, John Rosamond Johnson. Since it was first performed in 1900, it has come to be widely regarded as the Black American national anthem. Drawing on the tradition of Black...
alveolar ridge Alveolar ridge, in anatomy, the raised thickened border extending from the maxilla (the upper jaw) and the mandible (the lower jaw) that contains the sockets for the teeth. The alveolar ridge is made up of both soft tissue and hard tissue, the latter consisting primarily of the alveolar bone....
crucifix Crucifix, a model of the Christian cross, upon which is a depiction of the crucified Jesus. For several centuries after Constantine, Christian devotion to the cross centred in its indication of the victory of Christ over the powers of evil and death. Indeed, the Church Fathers often explained the...
Katherine Oppenheimer Katherine Oppenheimer, German American botanist, biologist, and wife of Los Alamos Laboratory director J. Robert Oppenheimer. After her birth in Germany, Katherine Puening moved with her family to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, at age three and spent the rest of her childhood in the area. Her father, an...
world’s largest deserts Any of the largest regions that are characterized by extremely dry conditions, sparse vegetation, and little or no precipitation. The majority of Earth’s hottest deserts are found on the western sides of continents near latitudes 30° N and 30° S, whereas temperate deserts are usually located near...
world’s longest rivers Any of the world’s longest natural streams whose water flows within a channel, or streambed, with defined banks. The world’s longest rivers tend to have extensive river systems, which include tributaries to the main river channel, that drain large portions of Earth’s continents. Accurate comparable...
world’s largest dams Any of the largest structures built across a stream, river, or estuary to retain water. Dams serve a variety of purposes, including storing water for human consumption and irrigation, generating hydroelectric power, protecting against peak floodwater discharge, and facilitating water navigation and...
Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic, nonprofit surgical and medical clinic with facilities located in Rochester, Minnesota; Jacksonville, Florida; and Scottsdale, Arizona. The Mayo Clinic was created through the joint efforts of William W. Mayo and his sons, William J. and Charles H. Mayo, who began practicing together at...
witch hunt Witch hunt, a series of investigations and persecutions of “witches” that occurred in Europe and the European colonies in the Americas between the 14th and 18th centuries. The term witch hunt has entered common political parlance to describe such campaigns as that of Sen. Joseph McCarthy to root...
Jimmy Butler Jimmy Butler, American professional basketball player known for his hard-nosed intensity and standout performances in postseason games. He led the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association (NBA) to two appearances in the NBA finals (2020 and 2023). Butler was abandoned by his father as an...
Oseberg ship Oseberg ship, 9th-century Viking ship that was discovered in 1903 on a farm in southeastern Norway and excavated in 1904. It was found in a burial mound that included the skeletons of two women and several animals along with various elaborately decorated objects such as wooden sleighs, embroidered...
Antony Blinken Antony Blinken, American government official best known as the 71st U.S. secretary of state (2021– ). U.S. president-elect Joe Biden nominated Blinken in November 2020, and he was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on January 26, 2021. He held foreign policy adviser roles for three U.S. presidential...
Indianapolis 500 winner Any of more than 100 winners of the Indianapolis 500 automobile race at Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, a suburban enclave of Indianapolis, Indiana. The race has been held annually since 1911, except for the war years 1917–18 and 1942–45, and it occurs over the U.S. holiday Memorial Day....
World Series of Poker Series of poker events that culminate with a winner being crowned annually in the United States. The main event is a Texas hold’em game, and its winner is considered the poker world champion. The roots of the World Series of Poker (WSOP) championship date back to 1949 with matches between Johnny...
Bob Graham Bob Graham, Australian author, illustrator, and creator of picture books for children. Graham received several awards for his illustrations and books. Graham was born in 1942 in Sydney and grew up in Beverly Hills, a suburb of Sydney, with his parents, sister, grandmother, and a pet dog named...
military dictatorship Military dictatorship, form of government in which the military exerts total control of a country, usually after seizing power by overthrowing the previous rulers in a coup. Military dictatorships are typically marked by brutal human rights abuses, such as killings, torture, and disappearances....
Pashupatinath Temple Pashupatinath Temple, place of worship in the Kathmandu Valley on the Baghmati River, on the eastern outskirts of the city of Kathmandu, that is the holiest site in Nepal. It is devoted to the Hindu god Shiva in his form as Pashupati, protector of animals. There has been a religious foundation here...
Berlin Olympic Stadium Berlin Olympic Stadium, stadium built for the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin, part of a sport complex originally called the Reich Sports Field (German: Reichssportfeld), that is now used for international football matches. The Nazis were determined to make the 1936 Berlin Olympics a memorable...
Lauraceae Lauraceae, the laurel family of flowering plants (order Laurales), comprising some 50 genera and more than 2,500 species of mostly evergreen shrubs and trees. Lauraceae is distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions; principally Southeast Asia and tropical America, particularly Brazil....
Tintagel Castle Tintagel Castle, castle ruins and archaeological site near Tintagel, Cornwall, England, U.K. The castle, with its dramatic clifftop setting above the rocks and foaming breakers of the north Cornish coast, has long been associated with Arthurian legend. Artifacts from the the time of Roman rule in...
Highgate Cemetery Highgate Cemetery, London’s best-known cemetery, renowned for its famous residents and for its bucolic beauty. on the slope of Highgate Hill. It was created in response to an urgent need for more burial grounds in the capital to relieve the pressure on the earlier ones, which, as a result of...
secant Secant, one of the six trigonometric functions, which, in a right triangle ABC, for an angle A, issec A = length of hypotenuse length of side adjacent angle A .(The other five trigonometric functions are sine [sin], cosine [cos], tangent [tan], cosecant [csc], and cotangent [cot].) From the...
Link Wray Link Wray, American guitarist and songwriter who is often credited with introducing the power chord (a simplified chord, commonly played on the electric guitar, based on the root and fifth notes of the major scale), which greatly influenced the sound of rock and roll and laid the groundwork for...
cosecant Cosecant, one of the six trigonometric functions, which, in a right triangle ABC, for an angle A, iscsc A = length of hypotenuse length of side opposite angle A .(The other five trigonometric functions are sine [sin], cosine [cos], tangent [tan], secant [sec], and cotangent [cot].) From the...
John Green John Green, American author who writes realistic fiction for young adults. Reviewers have praised Green’s work for his bright yet troubled characters and thoughtful treatment of difficult topics. Green is the son of Mike Green, a business executive, media consultant, and producer of socially...
Olivia Colman Olivia Colman, British actress who first garnered attention for her comedic work on television and who later had success in a series of dramatic roles in film and TV. Colman won numerous accolades, most notably an Academy Award for her performance in The Favourite (2018). Colman was born in...
John Frost Bridge John Frost Bridge, bridge over the Lower Rhine River in Arnhem, Netherlands, that was the site of a major battle during Operation Market Garden, an Allied campaign of World War II. A floating bridge had existed in that location since 1603 but was not replaced by a permanent stucture until 1935. It...
Spanish Steps Spanish Steps, staircase in Rome’s Piazza di Spagna that climbs the steep slope between the plaza and the church of Trinità dei Monti above. It consists of 135 steps and was built between 1723 and 1725. Though it was funded with a bequest left by a French diplomat, it was named for the Bourbon...
opioid Opioid, class of drugs derived from substances that occur naturally in the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) and that are widely used for pain relief and sedation. Opioid drugs include prescription pain relievers, such as fentanyl, oxycodone, and hydrocodone, and illegal substances, such as heroin...
Don Cornelius Don Cornelius, American television host and producer best known for creating, producing, and hosting the music and dance television show Soul Train (1970–2006). The program featured up-and-coming musicians, many of whom gained their first national exposure on the show, and youthful African American...
Meta Meta, parent company of the social network Facebook, the popular photo- and video-sharing network Instagram, and the instant-messaging services WhatsApp and Messenger. The name reflects an emphasis on the “metaverse,” where users interact in virtual reality environments. Facebook changed its name...
Academy Award for best picture Academy Award for best picture, award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, located in Beverly Hills, California, U.S. It honours the film deemed the best of a given year—as determined by the academy’s voting members—and is typically regarded as the most prestigious...
East Asia East Asia, region of Asia consisting of Japan, North and South Korea, China, Mongolia, and Taiwan. An old term for the region is the Far East, a name that arose among Europeans, who considered this region in the continent to their east to be “far” from Europe in terms of traveling time. East Asia...
prenuptial agreement Prenuptial agreement, in family law, a contract made between two persons before their marriage to, or civil union with, each other that establishes the financial rights, responsibilities, or obligations of one or both persons should the marriage or union end in divorce or should one of the partners...
history of Seychelles History of Seychelles, a survey of the important events and people in the history of Seychelles. The country, in the western Indian Ocean, comprises about 115 islands, and has lush tropical vegetation, beautiful beaches, and a wide variety of marine life. Situated between latitudes 4° and 11° S and...
Rob Lowe Rob Lowe, American television and film actor known for playing the role of cerebral White House deputy communications director Sam Seaborn in the political drama series The West Wing (1999–2003 and 2006) and the excessively optimistic city manager Chris Traeger in the situation comedy Parks and...
history of Namibia History of Namibia, a survey of the important events and people in the history of Namibia. The country, located on the southwestern coast of Africa, was originally inhabited by the San peoples and was home to other groups as well before being subjected to German rule beginning in the 19th century,...
nutritional yeast Nutritional yeast, inactive dried yeast used as a condiment and food product. It is most often made from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain, and it is commonly sold packaged as flakes or powder. The golden yellow flakes are often used in vegan and dairy-free cooking. Nutritional yeast was...
binomial coefficients Binomial coefficients, positive integers that are the numerical coefficients of the binomial theorem, which expresses the expansion of (a + b)n. The nth power of the sum of two numbers a and b may be expressed as the sum of n + 1 terms of the form in the sequence of terms, the index r takes on the...
Charlotte Church Charlotte Church, Welsh singer and television host best known for her powerful soprano voice and for being both the youngest musician to reach number one on the classical music album chart in the U.K. and the youngest female singer to break into the U.K. top 40 albums chart. Church is also known...
geometric distribution Geometric distribution, in statistics, a discrete probability distribution that describes the chances of achieving success in a series of independent trials, each having two possible outcomes. The geometric distribution thus helps measure the probability of success after a given number of trials....
final solution Final solution, (German: “Endlösung”) Nazi plan to eliminate Europe’s Jewish population. The “final solution” was implemented from 1941 to 1945 and resulted in the systematic murder of 6 million Jews across 21 countries. The “final solution” was the culmination of a state-sponsored campaign against...
Nick Kyrgios Nick Kyrgios, Australian tennis player who earned widespread acclaim as a talented and entertaining player. He achieved notable victories over several of the sport’s top competitors but has met with criticism for his on-court behaviour and poor sportsmanship. Kyrgios was born and raised in...
cosine Cosine, one of the six trigonometric functions, which, in a right triangle ABC, for an angle A, is cos A = length of side adjacent to angle A length of hypotenuse .(The other five trigonometric functions are sine [sin], tangent [tan], secant [sec], cosecant [csc], and cotangent [cot].) From the...
Renée Watson Renée Watson, American author and actress who has written picture books for young children and novels for young adults. Her young adult novel Piecing Me Together (2017) won the 2018 Coretta Scott King Book Award. That same year, it was also named a Newbery Honor Book and was recognized with the...
supermassive black hole Supermassive black hole (SMBH), a black hole more than one hundred thousand times the mass of the Sun. Nearly every large galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its centre. Active galactic nuclei, such as Seyfert galaxies and quasars, are powered by supermassive black holes. The largest...
sine Sine, one of the six trigonometric functions, which, in a right triangle ABC, for an angle A, issin A = length of side opposite angle A length of hypotenuse .(The other five trigonometric functions are cosine [cos], tangent [tan], secant [sec], cosecant [csc], and cotangent [cot].) From the...
Grammy Award for best new artist Grammy Award for best new artist, award presented annually in the United States by the National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences (NARAS; commonly called the Recording Academy) to recognize the year’s most outstanding new performer. It was first presented in 1959, at the second Grammy Awards...
White Island volcanic eruption of 2019 White Island volcanic eruption of 2019, volcanic eruption on December 9, 2019, on Whakaari/White Island, located off the coast of eastern North Island, New Zealand, which resulted in the deaths of 22 individuals and injured numerous others. At the time of the eruption, 47 people (adventure tourists...
Anthony Horowitz Anthony Horowitz, prolific British author and screenwriter known for his popular young adult fiction. Horowitz has also written for an adult audience and has created and written several television shows that were originally telecast in Great Britain but have since been shown in other countries....
Jacqueline Woodson Jacqueline Woodson, American author who wrote more than 40 books for adults, young adults, and children that focus on African American experiences. Her work helped to inspire children in the United States and was recognized with numerous awards and honours. Woodson spent her early childhood in...
Sister Rosetta Tharpe Sister Rosetta Tharpe, American guitar player and gospel and blues singer who was popular in the 1930s and ’40s. She sang traditional gospel songs with contemporary jazz tempos that she played on her electric guitar. With these performances she introduced gospel into nightclubs and concert venues....
regenerative agriculture Regenerative agriculture, alternative to modern industrial agriculture that prioritizes conserving and rehabilitating the land, tailoring specific practices to local ecosystems and climates. As with sustainable agriculture, regenerative agriculture focuses on reducing the impact of production on...
gravity dam Gravity dam, a concrete or masonry dam so proportioned that it will resist overturning and sliding forces by its own weight. Concrete gravity dams usually run in a straight line across a broad valley and resist the horizontal thrust of the retained water entirely by their own weight. The three main...
insulin shock therapy Insulin shock therapy, form of psychiatric treatment in which patients were given increasingly large doses of insulin in order to induce hypoglycemia (low blood glucose) and coma. Insulin shock therapy was based on the notion that hypoglycemia-induced coma could basically “jolt” patients out of...
Grammy Award for record of the year Grammy Award for record of the year, award presented annually in the United States by the National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences (NARAS; commonly called the Recording Academy) to recognize the performance and production of a song. From 1959 to 1965 it was awarded to the recording artist,...
Ferdinand Marcos, Jr. Ferdinand Marcos, Jr., Filipino politician who has been president of the Philippines since 2022. Prior to becoming president, he served in government from the 1980s to the 2010s as senator, congressman, governor, and vice governor. Bongbong is the scion of a prominent political family in the...
waqf Waqf, in Islamic law, a charitable endowment held in trust. In the formal process of establishing a waqf, the donor (waqīf) dedicates the assets (mawqūf) for a specific charitable purpose. Islamic jurists differ on the legal ownership of the assets once the endowment has been completed: many...
Canterbury Cathedral Canterbury Cathedral, one of the oldest and most historic Christian structures in England, mother church of the Anglican Communion, and seat of the archbishop of Canterbury, originally established by St. Augustine of Canterbury and located in Canterbury, Kent, England, U.K. Sent by Pope Gregory the...
Mikaela Shiffrin Mikaela Shiffrin, American Alpine skier who is one of the sport’s dominating athletes. She is a five-time World Cup overall champion (2017, 2018, 2019, 2022, and 2023), and in 2023 she surpassed Swedish skier Ingemar Stenmark’s record of 86 World Cup victories. In addition, Shiffrin has won three...
sportswashing Sportswashing, the use of an athletic event by an individual or a government, a corporation, or another group to promote or burnish the individual’s or group’s reputation, especially amid controversy or scandal. The term was coined in 2015 as a portmanteau of sports and whitewash to describe...
ghost town Ghost town, town that was once an active community but has since been abandoned by all or nearly all of its residents. Ghost towns are found on every continent. The reasons for abandonment of a town include economic or resource issues, natural disasters, extreme climates, war and other armed...
Laurie Hernandez Laurie Hernandez, American gymnast who participated in the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro. Hernandez and her teammates Simone Biles, Gabby Douglas, Aly Raisman, and Madison Kocian, dubbed the “Final Five,” won the women’s artistic gymnastics team gold medal. Hernandez also captured an...
selective breeding Selective breeding, the practice of mating individuals with desired traits as a means of increasing the frequency of those traits in a population. In selective breeding, the breeder attempts to isolate and propagate the genotypes (genetic constitutions) that are responsible for an organism’s...
Mayim Bialik Mayim Bialik, American television and film actor and neuroscientist best known for her recurring roles on the American situation comedy series Blossom (1990–95), where she played the title role, and The Big Bang Theory (2007–19), where she played the character of Amy Farrah Fowler from 2010 to...
Lincoln Cathedral Lincoln Cathedral, early Gothic cathedral, originally consecrated in 1091, on a hilltop in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England, U.K. Lincoln Cathedral sits high on its hill, a spectacularly commanding sight for 30 miles (48 km) around. It is held in high esteem by architects past and present, and in the...
Warwick Castle Warwick Castle, medieval castle in Warwick, Warwickshire, England, U.K., around which the town of Warwick developed. Five important families in succession in English history—the Beaumonts, Beauchamps, Nevilles, Dudleys, and Grevilles—have owned the castle as earls of Warwick, and it was they who...
Checkpoint Charlie Checkpoint Charlie, the best known official crossing point between East Berlin and West Berlin during the Cold War. It is located on the corner of Friedrichstrasse and Zimmerstrasse and was the designated crossing point for foreign tourists and dignitaries and for members of the Allied armed...
Cellular Jail Cellular Jail, prison complex built between 1896 and 1906 in Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands union territory, India. The original Port Blair, named after Archibald Blair of the British East India Company, was a penal colony on Great Andaman established in 1789, but it ceased operating in...
Eddie Koiki Mabo Eddie Koiki Mabo, Meriam activist who fought for and established land rights for Torres Strait Islander peoples in the 1980s and ’90s. He brought before the High Court of Australia what became known as the Mabo case, which challenged existing law that prevented Torres Strait Islander peoples and...
history of Eritrea History of Eritrea, survey of the notable events and people in the history of Eritrea from prehistory to the present. Located on the Red Sea in the Horn of Africa, Eritrea has long been an important centre of trade, with many bustling ports along its coast. Eritrea gained its independence from...
sustainable agriculture Sustainable agriculture, a system of farming that strives to provide the resources necessary for present human populations while conserving the planet’s ability to sustain future generations. See also organic farming, permaculture, and agroforestry. In the wake of World War II, the nature of...
All Progressives Congress All Progressives Congress (APC), Nigerian political party formed in 2013 via a merger of prominent opposition parties. It has been the country’s ruling party since 2015. The All Progressives Congress (APC) was formed in a political environment in Nigeria that had been dominated, since the county’s...
Will Arnett Will Arnett, Canadian-American television and film actor best known for his portrayal of Gob Bluth in the TV comedy Arrested Development (2003–19). His distinctive gravelly voice has been featured in many voice-over roles, including in the animated Netflix series BoJack Horseman (2014–20) and The...
Elizabethan Age Elizabethan Age, in British history, the time period (1558–1603) during which Queen Elizabeth I ruled England. Popularly referred to as a “golden age,” it was a span of time characterized by relative peace and prosperity and by a flowering of artistic, literary, and intellectual culture to such a...
nuclear submarine Nuclear submarine, submarine that relies on a nuclear reactor to drive its propulsion system. A nuclear submarine may or may not be armed with nuclear weapons. The chief advantages afforded by nuclear power are increased speed (allowing submerged submarines to keep up with fast surface ships) and...
boarding school Boarding school, school where students receive a primary or secondary education while living on the school’s grounds. The first documented use of the term boarding school dates to 1665, although references in literature and the historical record make clear that boarding schools (in the sense of...
history of Dominica History of Dominica, survey of the notable events and people in the history of Dominica. A small island country of the Lesser Antilles in the eastern Caribbean Sea, Dominica is known for its natural beauty, particularly its rainforests and mountainous terrain. The country gained independence from...
medieval philosophy Medieval philosophy, in the history of Western philosophy, the philosophical speculation that occurred in western Europe during the Middle Ages—i.e., from the fall of the western Roman Empire in the 5th century ce to the start of the European Renaissance in the 15th century. Philosophy of the...
Jovita Idár Jovita Idár, Mexican American journalist, teacher, and activist who devoted her life to fighting the racism and discrimination that she witnessed during her life in Texas. She was also a staunch advocate for women’s rights, including the right to vote. Jovita Idár was one of eight children born to...
history of East Timor History of East Timor, survey of the notable events and people in the history of East Timor from the 16th century to the present. The country occupies the eastern half of the island of Timor, which it shares with Indonesia. East Timor is in the Lesser Sunda Islands, at the southern end of the Malay...
Jalen Hurts Jalen Hurts, American football quarterback known for his passing and rushing proficiency. Hurts played for the University of Alabama (2016–18)—where he was a member of the team that won the 2018 College Football Playoff (CFP) National Championship—and the University of Oklahoma (2019). He was...
Michael Richards Michael Richards, American actor and comedian best known for his portrayal of Cosmo Kramer on the critically acclaimed situation comedy Seinfeld (1989–98). In addition to Seinfeld, Richards has appeared in numerous television shows and films, including the late-night sketch comedy show Fridays...
history of Burkina Faso History of Burkina Faso, survey of the important events and people in the history of Burkina Faso. A landlocked country in western Africa, Burkina Faso gained independence from France in 1960 and was originally known as Upper Volta before adopting its current name in 1984. The capital, Ouagadougou,...
history of Estonia History of Estonia, survey of the important events and people in the history of Estonia. One of the three Baltic states (with Latvia and Lithuania) located in northeastern Europe on the Baltic Sea, Estonia had been under foreign rule—notably by Germany, Sweden, and Russia—for much of its existence...
Henry Box Brown Henry Box Brown, American enslaved person who succeeded in escaping slavery by hiding in a packing crate that was shipped from the slave state of Virginia, where Brown had worked on a plantation and in a tobacco factory, to the free state of Pennsylvania. Brown subsequently joined the abolitionist...
Hamilton Hamilton, stage musical by American composer and lyricist Lin-Manuel Miranda that premiered Off-Broadway on February 17, 2015, at the Public Theater in New York City before moving to Broadway for a second opening on August 6. Based on the life of Alexander Hamilton, the explosively popular,...
Rick Scott Rick Scott, American Republican politician who was elected to represent the state of Florida in the U.S. Senate in 2018. He had previously served as governor of the state (2011–19). Scott was born Richard Lynn Myers, the second child of Gordon Myers and Esther (née Fry) Myers. His parents divorced...
the Go-Go’s The Go-Go’s, American all-female post-punk rock band that emerged during the late 1970s, known for mixing pop melodies and punk rhythms and for pioneering the establishment of women in new wave and in the music industry at large. The Go-Go’s were remarkable for being the first commercially...
Mario Cuomo Mario Cuomo, American politician who served three terms as governor of New York (1983–94). One of the most prominent figures in the Democratic Party, he was known as a powerful speaker and a champion of progressive policies. Cuomo was the fourth child of Andrea and Immaculata (née Giordano) Cuomo,...
Jean Tatlock Jean Tatlock, American physician, psychiatrist, and communist sympathizer. Tatlock was the second and youngest child of John and Marjorie Tatlock. At age 10, after spending her early childhood in San Francisco, she moved with her family to Massachusetts. There she attended Cambridge Rindge and...
Jon Ossoff Jon Ossoff, American politician elected as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate from Georgia in a runoff in January 2021. He is the state’s first Jewish senator and, at 33, was the youngest Democratic senator elected to the body in 40 years. Ossoff is the only child of Heather Fenton, who emigrated from...
Jimmy Choo Jimmy Choo, Malaysian shoemaker and fashion designer who cofounded (1996) an eponymous British fashion house known for well-crafted luxury shoes. From a young age, Choo was immersed in the world of shoemaking and design. His father was a cobbler and ran his own shop on the Malaysian island of...
Angie Thomas Angie Thomas, American writer whose first young-adult (YA) novel, The Hate U Give (2017), debuted at number one on The New York Times bestseller list, launching her to international fame. In the novel Thomas tackled such volatile and timely subjects as racism, privilege, and police brutality....
Claudia Jones Claudia Jones, Trinidadian social and political activist and journalist who advocated for Black individuals, women, and workers in both the United States and England. Her early experience of racism in the United States shaped her thinking as an adult, and she often asserted that for a liberation...
Louis Prima Louis Prima, American jazz musician, songwriter, and bandleader best known for his exuberant onstage personality, raspy voice, and composition of the swing music classics “Sing, Sing, Sing” and “Jump, Jive, an’ Wail.” In the 1950s he led one of the first musical acts to regularly perform and...
history of Antigua and Barbuda History of Antigua and Barbuda, a survey of the notable events and people in the history of Antigua and Barbuda from the 15th century to the present. Located in the Lesser Antilles in the eastern Caribbean Sea, Antigua and Barbuda consists of three islands: Antigua, Barbuda, and Redonda, a small...
James Ingram James Ingram, American rhythm and blues singer and songwriter. For years, his rich, deep voice served as backup for prominent artists such as Quincy Jones, Patti Austin, Michael McDonald, the Pointer Sisters, and Michael Jackson. His high-profile collaborations enabled Ingram to win his first...
Tariff of 1828 Tariff of 1828, restrictive tariff that triggered the nullification crisis in the United States in the early 19th century. The Tariff of 1828 was intended to protect burgeoning domestic industries by inflating the cost of imported goods by as much as 50 percent, making Americans less likely to buy...
microvillus Microvillus, any of numerous microscopic bristlelike protrusions that occur on the surface of a wide variety of cell types, including intestinal epithelial cells, neurons, photoreceptors (light-sensitive cells), and certain cells of the immune system, such as dendritic cells and lymphocytes....
Kay Bailey Hutchison Kay Bailey Hutchison, American businesswoman and politician who was the first woman elected to the U.S. Senate from Texas, serving from 1993 to 2013. Bailey was born in Galveston, Texas, to Allan Bailey and Ella Kathryn Sharp Bailey. Her family had long ties to the state; her...
Robert Plant Robert Plant, British singer-songwriter best known as the lead singer for the rock band Led Zeppelin. Plant’s dynamic vocal range and flamboyant stage presence has distinguished him as a popular and influential rock and roll front man. Since the dissolution of Led Zeppelin, he has pursued an...
basic law Basic law, in Israel, any of several laws intended to serve as a guiding principle of government. As a concept, the basic law originated as a political compromise among Israel’s early political actors. After the country’s independence in 1948, its legislative body, the Knesset, was unable to agree...
mandible Mandible, in anatomy, the movable lower jaw, consisting of a single bone or of completely fused bones in humans and other mammals. In birds, the mandible constitutes either the upper or the lower segment of the bill, and in invertebrates it is any of the various mouthparts that holds or bites food...
the Jackson 5 The Jackson 5, American pop-soul vocal group that was massively popular in the 1970s, launching the career of singer, songwriter, and dancer Michael Jackson, who was the most popular entertainer in the world in the early to mid-1980s. The members of the group were Jackie Jackson (byname of Sigmund...
history of Belize History of Belize, a survey of the notable events and people in the history of Belize from the Mayan period to the present day. Belize is located on the northeast coast of Central America and its capital is Belmopan, although its former capital, Belize City, remains the country’s most populous city...
Keith Hernandez Keith Hernandez, American professional baseball player who earned 11 consecutive Gold Glove awards (1978–88) during his 17 seasons in Major League Baseball. He played on two World Series championship teams (1982, 1986) and appeared in five All-Star Games (1979, 1980, 1984, 1986, 1987). Hernandez...
Allied powers Allied powers, coalition of countries that opposed the Central Powers (primarily Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire) during World War I. The Allies’ original members of greatest import were the British Empire, France, and Russia. Later the United States and Italy joined the Allied...
sensory neuron Sensory neuron, nerve cell that carries information about changes in external and internal environments to the central nervous system (CNS). Such neurons are part of the peripheral nervous system, which lies outside the brain and spinal cord. They collect information from so-called sensory...
Gary Coleman Gary Coleman, American child star known for his small stature. He was best known for starring in the situation comedy television series Diff’rent Strokes (1978–86). Coleman was adopted as a baby by Edmonia Sue Coleman, a nurse practitioner, and W.G. Coleman, a pharmaceutical company representative....
Ruth Westheimer Ruth Westheimer, German American sex therapist who became one of the most trusted authorities on sex and relationships in the United States through her radio call-in program, television talk shows, and numerous books and media appearances. Her frank yet nonjudgmental manner combined with her...
history of Comoros History of Comoros, a survey of the important events and people in the history of Comoros from the 16th century to the present day. The country comprises three of the Comoro Islands in the western Indian Ocean: Grande Comore (Ngazidja), Mohéli (Mwali), Anjouan (Ndzuwani). A nearby fourth island,...
history of Cabo Verde History of Cabo Verde, a survey of the important events and people in the history of Cabo Verde. The islands off the west coast of Africa that constitute Cabo Verde were uninhabited until they were colonized by Portugal in the mid-15th century. After centuries under Portuguese rule, Cabo Verde won...
history of Bhutan History of Bhutan, a survey of the notable events and people in the history of Bhutan. A historically remote kingdom located along the Himalayas, Bhutan became less isolated during the second half of the 20th century and transitioned from an absolute monarchy to a parliamentary democracy in 2008....
Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, military leader and politician who has ruled Equatorial Guinea since seizing power from his uncle in a coup in 1979. He is among the longest-serving heads of state (excluding monarchs) in the world. His decades of authoritarian rule have been marked by human rights...
American Dream American Dream, ideal that the United States is a land of opportunity that allows the possibility of upward mobility, freedom, and equality for people of all classes who work hard and have the will to succeed. The roots of the American Dream lie in the goals and aspirations of the first European...
Charles Whitman Charles Whitman, American mass murderer responsible for the deadly Texas Tower shooting of 1966. On August 1 of that year, having earlier in the day killed his wife and mother, Whitman fired down from the clock tower on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin, killing 14 people and wounding...
World Baseball Classic World Baseball Classic (WBC), international baseball tournament, first held in 2006, in which many of the world’s best players compete on behalf of national teams. The initial rounds are played on different continents. It was the first international baseball tournament to feature players currently...
Allied powers Allied powers, coalition of countries that opposed the Axis powers (led by Germany, Italy, and Japan) during World War II. The principal members of the Allies were the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, the United States, and China (the “Big Four”), as well as France while it was unoccupied. The...
megaconstellation Megaconstellation, group of many satellites that work together for the purpose of delivering broadband Internet access. Megaconstellations can comprise hundreds or even thousands of satellites. The first megaconstellation satellites were launched in 2019, and, as of 2023, more than half of active...
heirloom plant Heirloom plant, any plant cultivar that has been grown for a certain number of years and that breeds “true to type” from seeds, with each generation of the plant having the same combination of traits. There is no agreement on the precise criteria for heirloom plants. According to some definitions,...
John Krasinski John Krasinski, American actor and director best known for playing paper salesman Jim Halpert in the NBC sitcom The Office (2005–13) and the title character in the Amazon Prime Video thriller series Tom Clancy’s Jack Ryan (2018– ). Krasinski was born in Newton, Massachusetts, to Mary Claire (née...
Jeff Kinney Jeff Kinney, American children’s author and website developer best known for writing the Diary of a Wimpy Kid series of books. The books became extremely popular with middle-school students, especially boys, who were easily able to identify with characters in the books. Kinney grew up in Fort...
John Hickenlooper John Hickenlooper, American Democratic politician who was elected to represent the state of Colorado in the U.S. Senate in 2020. He had previously served as governor of the state (2011–19). Hickenlooper and his three elder siblings were raised by their mother alone after their father died of cancer...
Bernardo de Gálvez Bernardo de Gálvez, Spanish colonial administrator who was governor of Louisiana, a vast territory that included most of what is now the central United States, during the American Revolution and who successfully led troops in attacks on British forts along the lower Mississippi River and the Gulf...
S.E. Hinton S.E. Hinton, American author known for writing about the difficult social system that teenagers create among themselves. Her fiction depicting that system struck a chord with readers, who saw in it many elements of the system that existed in their own schools and towns. Susan Eloise Hinton grew up...
Maya Gabeira Maya Gabeira, Brazilian surfer who was one of the best-known figures in her sport in the early 21st century. She was noted for her achievements in big-wave surfing, in which surfers attempt to ride the largest waves possible. In 2020 Gabeira broke her own world record for the largest wave ever...
hacker Hacker, information technology professionals or enthusiasts who compromise (or “hack”) the security of computers. While hackers are strongly associated with criminality in popular culture, the computer programming community generally groups them into three categories of legality: altruistic “white...
Phil Collins Phil Collins, English drummer, singer, songwriter, and record producer who rose to fame in the music world in the 1970s and ’80s both for his work with the rock band Genesis and for his pop solo career. He was the winner of multiple Grammy Awards in the 1980s and ’90s. Collins was gifted a drum set...
foramen magnum Foramen magnum, in anatomy, the opening in the base of the skull that connects the spinal cord to the brain. It is the largest foramen (opening) of the skull and is part of the occipital bone (the bone that forms the back and rear base of the skull). On each of its sides is an occipital condyle (a...
mung bean Mung bean, (Vigna radiata), legume plant of the pea family (Fabaceae), grown for its edible seeds and young sprouts. The mung bean is likely native to the Indian subcontinent and is widely cultivated in Asia for use in a variety of sweet and savory dishes, particularly in India, China, Korea, and...
arch bridge Arch bridge, bridge in which the main supporting elements are arches. Arch bridges can be made of stone, concrete, iron, or steel and typically require less material than a beam bridge of the same span. An arch bridge carries loads primarily by compression, which exerts on the foundation both...
Anna Jarvis Anna Jarvis, American social activist who is generally recognized as the founder of the legal holiday known as Mother’s Day in the United States and in many other countries. Jarvis also headed the Mother’s Day International Association, which she incorporated in 1912 to guide the annual observance...
J.B. Smoove J.B. Smoove, American actor and comedian best known for portraying the quick-witted and profane character Leon Black in the improvisation-based comedy television series Curb Your Enthusiasm (2007– ). He is also known for playing the role of Ray, a television station cameraman, in the situation...
Kennedy Space Center Kennedy Space Center, one of NASA’s 10 field centres and from 1968 its primary launch centre for human spaceflight, located on Merritt Island, Florida. It encompasses 144,000 acres (58, 275 hectares) and includes among its facilities the Vehicle Assembly Building and the Launch Control Center as...
Victoria Memorial Victoria Memorial, a majestic white marble edifice situated in the middle of 64 acres (25 ha) of sprawling gardens, dominating the centre of the Kolkata, India. Architecturally, it seems to reflect contemporary British civic classicism, but there are deliberate Eastern references as well. The...
Banana Massacre Banana Massacre, the unprovoked killing of United Fruit Company workers and their supporters in Ciénaga, Magdalena department, Colombia, by federal troops under the command of Colombian Gen. Carlos Cortés Vargas on December 6, 1928. Estimates of the number of deaths range from fewer than 50 to more...
Alnwick Castle Alnwick Castle, Norman castle in Alnwick, England, that is currently the seat of the 12th duke of Northumberland and is the second biggest inhabited castle in the United Kingdom. It was a fastness from which the northeast of England was long held against the Scots, especially during the 12th...
Grauman’s Chinese Theatre Grauman’s Chinese Theatre, iconic movie palace on Hollywood Blvd. in Los Angeles, California, U.S. Grauman’s Chinese Theatre is perhaps the most famous movie theatre in the world, and certainly the most instantly recognizable. The opulent and extravagant Chinese facade is a piece of movie history...
Newgrange Newgrange, Neolithic passage grave in the valley of the River Boyne, County Meath, Ireland. Built by Stone Age farmers about 3200 BCE, it is regarded as the finest grave of its kind in Europe. Newgrange consists of a huge circular mound of stones, some 279 feet (85 m) in diameter and 43 feet (13 m)...
Moscow Metro Moscow Metro, subway system serving the city of Moscow and several neighbouring towns within Moscow oblast. The Moscow Metro system consists of a series of 14 radial lines running like spokes from the central hub to the outskirts of the city, plus the Number 5 (Koltseveya), which runs around the...
Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, Turkish economist and politician who has led the Republican People’s Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi; CHP) since 2010. Kılıçdaroğlu was born Kemal Karabulut in the village of Ballıca in Tunceli, a province in eastern Turkey whose population is predominantly Alevi (an Anatolian...
Meenakshi Amman Temple Meenakshi Amman Temple, temple complex in Madurai, Tamil Nadu state, India, said to originally date as far back as the 4th century CE but in its present form built in the 16th–17th centuries. According to Hindu legend, the god Shiva came to Madurai in the form of Sundareswarar to marry Meenakshi,...
Ronan Farrow Ronan Farrow, American journalist whose investigative reporting for The New Yorker helped expose allegations of sexual assault and abuse by film producer Harvey Weinstein. Farrow’s reporting gave impetus to the anti-abuse Me Too and Time’s Up movements and was awarded a Pulitzer Prize in 2018....
Tomie dePaola Tomie dePaola, American author and illustrator who illustrated 268 children’s books, many of which he wrote. He also wrote but did not illustrate three books. His accomplishments earned him the 1981 Kerlan Award from the University of Minnesota, the 1983 Regina Medal from the Catholic Library...
Josh Hawley Josh Hawley, American Republican politician who was first elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018. Known for his firebrand conservative positions, Hawley was one of the first senators to announce that he would object to the certification of the 2020 presidential election in which Democrat Joe Biden...
Jenna Ortega Jenna Ortega, American actress who began her career as a child actor, starring in such Disney Channel shows as Stuck in the Middle (2016–18), and later went on to gain international fame with the lead role in the hit Netflix series Wednesday (2022– ). Ortega often discussed her Mexican and Puerto...
Peter Fonda Peter Fonda, American actor, writer, and director who was a counterculture icon, best known for the cult classic film Easy Rider (1969). He was also a member of a legendary acting family that included his father, sister, and daughter—Henry Fonda, Jane Fonda, and Bridget Fonda, respectively. He was...
Deir Yassin Deir Yassin, Palestinian Arab village that was located just west of Jerusalem. On April 9, 1948, on the eve of the Arab-Israeli war of 1948–49, the village was destroyed by Jewish paramilitary forces in an attack that inspired fear and panic throughout the region. Deir Yassin was situated atop a...
Chloe Kim Chloe Kim, American snowboarder who won an Olympic gold medal in the halfpipe event in 2018. At age 17, she was the youngest woman in Olympic history to earn a gold medal in the event. She won a second consecutive gold medal in the halfpipe four years later, becoming the first woman to achieve that...
Fender Stratocaster Fender Stratocaster, model of electric guitar created by American inventor and manufacturer Leo Fender and known for its elegant design and tonal versatility. The Stratocaster, or “Strat,” as it is known by guitar aficionados, is easily recognized by the two horns that highlight the guitar body’s...
Sam Kerr Sam Kerr, Australian football (soccer) player who was named captain of the Matildas, the women’s national team, in 2019. The star striker later became the all-time leading scorer for the team. Kerr was also a standout in professional clubs in the United States, England, and Australia. Kerr was born...
history of Bangladesh History of Bangladesh, a survey of the notable events and people in the history of Bangladesh, from the 3rd century bce to the present day. Bangladesh, located in the northeastern region of the Indian subcontinent, has been independently ruled since 1971, but the land and peoples of the modern...
Desi Arnaz Desi Arnaz, Cuban-born American musician, actor, and business executive who was best known for the classic television series I Love Lucy (1951–57), in which he starred with his real-life wife, Lucille Ball. As the show’s cocreator and producer, Arnaz introduced a number of innovations that...
Battle of Anzio Battle of Anzio, (January 22–June 5, 1944) World War II battle, fought during the Italian Campaign. Some 50,000 Allied troops staged an amphibious landing (codenamed Operation Shingle) at Anzio, 33 miles (53 km) south of Rome, in an effort to bypass the strong German defenses along the Gustav Line....
buttress dam Buttress dam, concrete dam in which the smooth upstream face is supported by buttresses on the downstream side. Unlike traditional gravity dams, buttress dams do not rely entirely upon their own weight to resist the thrust of the water. Their upstream face, therefore, is not vertical but inclines...
Kieran Culkin Kieran Culkin, American actor known for portraying distasteful yet sympathetic characters, such as Igby Slocumb in the movie Igby Goes Down (2002) and Dennis Ziegler in the Broadway play This Is Our Youth (2014). The brother of famed child actor Macaulay Culkin, Kieran gained mainstream success...
Shireen Abu Akleh Shireen Abu Akleh, Palestinian American journalist for the Al Jazeera news network who was known throughout the Arab world for her 25-year coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. She was killed in May 2022 while reporting on an Israeli raid in the West Bank city of Jenin. Abu Akleh was born...
Mmusi Maimane Mmusi Maimane, South African businessman and politician who has been active in opposition parties in the country. Since 2022 he has been head of the Build One South Africa (BOSA) party, which he helped establish. Maimane was raised in Dobsonville, Soweto, Transvaal province (now in Gauteng...
Greatest Generation Greatest Generation, generation of Americans born between approximately 1901 and 1924, who came of age during the Great Depression and the 1940s, many of whom fought in World War II. The Greatest Generation is estimated to have had about 63 million people. It gained the moniker after the...